| S100A1 — S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A1 | |
|---|---|
| Protein Name | S100A1 |
| Gene | S100A1 |
| UniProt ID | P26447 |
| Molecular Weight | ~10.7 kDa (94 amino acids) |
| Subcellular Localization | Cytoplasm, Cytoskeleton, Nucleus |
| Protein Family | S100 calcium-binding protein family |
| Structure | Homodimer, EF-hand motifs |
| Associated Diseases | Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Cardiomyopathy |
S100A1 (S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A1) is a member of the S100 family of small calcium-binding proteins. Encoded by the S100A1 gene, this protein functions as a calcium sensor that regulates various cellular processes through protein-protein interactions [1][2].
S100A1 is characterized by its ability to form homodimers and heterodimers with other S100 proteins. The protein is expressed abundantly in the heart, skeletal muscle, and brain, where it plays important roles in calcium signaling, muscle physiology, and neuroprotection [3].
S100A1 is a small protein of 94 amino acids with:
C-terminal EF-hand
N-terminal EF-hand
Upon calcium binding, S100A1 undergoes conformational changes exposing hydrophobic patches that interact with target proteins.
S100A1 binds to and modulates:
Muscle Function
Metabolic Enzymes
Cytoskeletal Proteins
Signaling Molecules
In AD:
Neuronal Function
Amyloid Interaction
Neuroprotection
In PD:
S100A1 is well-studied in heart:
S100A1-based therapies are being explored:
S100A1 has been investigated as:
S100A1 calcium binding protein in neurological disease. Neuroscience, 2015.
S100 proteins in brain physiology and pathology. Progress in Neurobiology, 2003.
Structure and function of S100A1 protein. Journal of Molecular Biology, 2006.
Calcium dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases. Neuropharmacology, 2020.