| S100A1 — S100 Calcium Binding Protein A1 | |
|---|---|
| Symbol | S100A1 |
| Full Name | S100 Calcium Binding Protein A1 |
| Chromosome | 1q21.3 |
| NCBI Gene | 6275 |
| Ensembl | ENSG00000163154 |
| OMIM | 176940 |
| UniProt | P26447 |
| Diseases | Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Cardiomyopathy |
| Expression | Heart, Skeletal muscle, Brain (neurons, glia), Kidney |
S100A1 (S100 Calcium Binding Protein A1) is a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins. Located on chromosome 1q21.3, S100A1 encodes a small acidic protein (approximately 10 kDa) that functions as a calcium sensor and signal transducer in various cell types [1][2].
S100A1 is characterized by its EF-hand calcium-binding motifs and its ability to form homodimers and heterodimers with other S100 proteins. The protein is abundantly expressed in the heart, skeletal muscle, and central nervous system, where it regulates numerous cellular processes including muscle contraction, energy metabolism, and neuronal survival [3][4].
The S100A1 gene consists of 3 exons spanning approximately 4.5 kb. It encodes a protein of 94 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 10.7 kDa. The gene is part of the S100 gene cluster on chromosome 1, which contains at least 16 S100 genes [5].
In the nervous system, S100A1 is expressed in:
S100A1 contains two EF-hand calcium-binding motifs:
Upon calcium binding, S100A1 undergoes conformational changes that expose hydrophobic surfaces for target protein binding.
S100A1 interacts with numerous target proteins:
In the nervous system, S100A1:
S100A1 is implicated in AD pathogenesis:
Calcium Dysregulation
Neuroprotection
Glial Function
In PD:
Dopaminergic Neurons
Alpha-Synuclein Interactions
S100A1 represents a therapeutic target:
S100A1 has been explored as a biomarker for:
S100A1 calcium binding protein in neurological disease. Neuroscience, 2015.
S100 proteins in brain physiology and pathology. Progress in Neurobiology, 2003.
S100A1 in cardiac and skeletal muscle function. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 2010.
Calcium dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases. Neuropharmacology, 2020.