| Protein Name | Phospholipase C gamma 1 |
| Gene | PLCG1 |
| UniProt ID | P19174 |
| PDB IDs | 2E2E, 3GJW, 4GOM |
| Molecular Weight | 150 kDa |
| Subcellular Localization | Cytoplasm, plasma membrane |
| Protein Family | Phospholipase C family |
Phospholipase C gamma 1 is a Phospholipase C family member. The protein contains the characteristic domain structure including [domain descriptions]. The molecular weight is approximately 150 kDa, and the protein localizes to Cytoplasm, plasma membrane.
Phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCγ1) is a key enzyme in phosphoinositide signaling that hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). It contains an N-terminal PH domain, two C2 domains, EF-hand domains, a split X and Y domain, and two SH2 domains with an SH3 domain between them. The SH2 domains mediate interaction with phosphorylated receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their substrates, leading to PLCγ1 activation. In the nervous system, PLCγ1 is involved in neurotrophin signaling (BDNF, NGF), synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, and calcium homeostasis. It plays roles in long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in the hippocampus.
Dysregulated PLCγ1 signaling contributes to cancer progression and metastasis. In the nervous system, abnormal PLCγ1 activity is associated with Alzheimer's disease (amyloid-β-induced toxicity), Parkinson's disease (dopaminergic neuron survival), and intellectual disability. PLCγ1 is a potential therapeutic target.
This protein is a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. Research is ongoing to develop small molecule inhibitors and biologics that modulate its activity.
This section provides background information on the gene/protein and its role in the nervous system.
This overview section needs to be expanded with relevant scientific information from peer-reviewed sources.