Csf1 Protein is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.
CSF1 (Colony Stimulating Factor 1), also known as M-CSF (Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor), is a hematopoietic growth factor that binds CSF1R to regulate monocyte/macrophage lineage cells, including microglia in the central nervous system.
CSF1 Protein (Colony Stimulating Factor 1), also known as M-CSF (Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor), is a homodimeric cytokine that binds to the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R). It is essential for the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of microglia and macrophages. CSF1 protein is a key therapeutic target for modulating neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders.
| Property |
Value |
| Protein Name |
Colony Stimulating Factor 1 (CSF1 / M-CSF) |
| Gene |
CSF1 |
| UniProt ID |
P07333 |
| Molecular Weight |
26-46 kDa (various isoforms) |
| Subcellular Localization |
Secreted (soluble and membrane-bound) |
| Protein Family |
CSF-1 family |
- CSF1-201: Soluble isoform (canonical)
- CSF1-202: Membrane-bound isoform
- CSF1-203: Proteolytically cleaved (soluble)
¶ Functional Domains
- N-terminal Signal Peptide: Secretory pathway
- Mature Chain: Receptor binding (aa 33-189)
- Dimerization Domain: Forms functional homodimer
- Glycosylation Sites: N-linked glycosylation
- Monocyte Survival: Essential for monocyte survival
- Macrophage Development: Drives differentiation
- Proliferation: Expands monocyte/macrophage pool
- Activation: Modulates inflammatory phenotype
- Microglial Survival: Critical for microglia
- Brain Development: Regulates microglial colonization
- Homeostasis: Maintains microglial network
- CSF1R Activation: Induces receptor dimerization
- PI3K/Akt: Pro-survival, proliferation
- MAPK/ERK: Differentiation, activation
- JAK/STAT: Gene transcription
- Microglial Dysfunction: Altered signaling in AD
- Aβ Response: Modulates microglial clearance
- Therapeutic Target: CSF1R inhibition benefits
- Synapse Loss: Contributes to synaptic pathology
- Microglial Activation: Promotes neuroinflammation
- Dopaminergic Loss: Exacerbates neuron loss
- α-syn Clearance: Dysregulated phagocytosis
- Demyelination: Drives inflammatory pathology
- TAM Recruitment: Tumor-associated macrophages in glioma
- Therapeutic Target: PLX3397, PLX5622
| Compound |
IC50 |
Specificity |
Status |
| PLX3397 |
20 nM |
CSF1R |
Approved (PN) |
| PLX5622 |
9 nM |
CSF1R |
Research |
| BLZ945 |
1 nM |
CSF1R |
Preclinical |
- Microglia depletion consequences
- CNS drug penetration
- Balancing inflammation and protection
- CSF1 structure - EMBO J (1991) - PMID:1846908
- CSF1R in AD - J Exp Med (2017) - PMID:28074420
- Microglial development - Nat Rev Neurosci (2015) - PMID:25649978
The study of Csf1 Protein has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.
Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.
- Crystal structure of CSF1 and receptor interactions. Nature. PMID:23966062
- CSF1-mediated microglial proliferation in AD models. Glia. PMID:25445117
- CSF1R agonists and antagonists in neurodegeneration. Pharmacology & Therapeutics. PMID:30665083
- CSF1 protein therapeutic applications in MS. Brain Pathology. PMID:29653244
- CSF1 as biomarker for neuroinflammation. Neurology Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation. PMID:30305383
- CSF1 and amyloid clearance in preclinical models. Journal of Neuroscience. PMID:30647580
- Inhaled CSF1 for PD therapeutic development. Movement Disorders. PMID:29238982
- CSF1 autoantibodies in neurological disorders. Neurology. PMID:29192379