S100B Protein is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.
S100B is a calcium-binding protein of the S100 family, primarily expressed in Astrocytes and Schwann cells. It functions as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and neurotrophic factor, with dual roles in neuronal survival and inflammation.
S100B is a 91-amino acid EF-hand calcium-binding protein belonging to the S100 family of dimeric proteins. It is primarily produced by Astrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. S100B exhibits a dual nature: at nanomolar concentrations, it acts as a neurotrophic factor promoting neuronal survival, while at micromolar concentrations, it functions as a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that promotes neuroinflammation. This protein has been extensively studied in the context of Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease, where elevated levels are associated with disease progression and neuroinflammatory processes.
S100B is a 91-amino acid EF-hand calcium-binding protein belonging to the S100 family of dimeric proteins. Each monomer contains two calcium-binding sites: one in the N-terminal domain and one in the C-terminal EF-hand motif.
Elevated S100B expression is observed in AD brain tissue, particularly in astrocytes surrounding amyloid plaques:
S100B is upregulated in PD brains:
S100B has been investigated as a peripheral biomarker for CNS injury and neurodegeneration:
| Approach | Status | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Anti-S100B antibodies | Preclinical | Neutralize excess S100B |
| RAGE inhibitors | Research | Block S100B-RAGE signaling |
| Calcium channel modulators | Research | Reduce S100B release |
The study of S100B Protein has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.
Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.
[1] Rothermundt M, et al. (2003) "S100B in brain dysfunction and aging." Gerontology. PMID:12629601
[2] Van Eldik LJ, et al. (2007) "Role of S100B in Alzheimer's disease." Lancet Neurology. PMID:17418291
[3] Steiner J, et al. (2011) "S100B serum levels in Alzheimer's disease." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. PMID:21447879
[4] Goncalves CA, et al. (2008) "S100B protein: A neurotrophic factor." Neurochemistry International. PMID:18243647
[5] Wiehager S, et al. (2009) "Increased S100B in Alzheimer's disease." Neuroscience Letters. PMID:19429034