| BID Protein | |
|---|---|
| Gene | [BID](/genes/bid) |
| UniProt | P55957 |
| PDB | 1DDB, 2BID |
| Mol. Weight | 22 kDa (full-length), 15 kDa (truncated) |
| Localization | Cytoplasm, mitochondrial outer membrane |
| Family | BCL2 family, BH3-only proteins |
| Diseases | [Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers), [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease), [ALS](/diseases/als), [Stroke](/diseases/stroke) |
Bid Protein is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.
BID (BH3-interacting domain death agonist) is a unique pro-apoptotic member of the BCL2 family that links the extrinsic (death receptor) and intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathways of apoptosis[1]. BID is particularly important in neurons following various pathological insults including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and ischemia[2].
The BID gene encodes a 195-amino acid protein that exists in both full-length (inactive) and truncated (active) forms. Proteolytic cleavage by caspases converts BID to its active form (tBID), which then translocates to mitochondria to initiate apoptosis[3].
BID has a distinctive structure:
The BH3 domain (residues 80-120) mediates:
BID serves as a bridge between death receptor and mitochondrial pathways:
BID has roles beyond apoptosis:
In neurons, BID:
BID contributes to AD pathogenesis:
In PD:
In motor neuron disease:
BID is activated in ischemic brain injury:
Therapeutic strategies include:
The study of Bid Protein has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.
Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.
Wang et al. [BID structure and function (2001)](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(01). 2001. ↩︎
Kantari et al. BID in apoptosis (2007). 2007. ↩︎
Merino et al. BID in neuronal death (2009). 2009. ↩︎
Singh et al. BID in stroke (2015). 2015. ↩︎