The YWHAG gene (Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-Monooxygenase Activation Protein Gamma) encodes the gamma isoform of 14-3-3 proteins, a family of conserved regulatory molecules expressed abundantly in the brain. The 14-3-3 proteins are adaptor proteins that modulate intracellular signaling by binding to phosphorylated serine/threonine residues on target proteins. [1]
| Attribute | Value | [2]
|-----------|-------| [3]
| Gene Symbol | YWHAG | [4]
| Full Name | Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-Monooxygenase Activation Protein Gamma | [5]
| Chromosomal Location | 7q11.23 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 7532 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000100911 |
| UniProt ID | P61981 |
| OMIM | 605066 |
YWHAG encodes the 14-3-3 gamma protein, which performs several critical functions in neurons:
| Disease | Association Type | Mechanism |
|---|---|---|
| Alzheimer's Disease | Risk Factor | 14-3-3 proteins interact with tau and may influence tau pathology; elevated 14-3-3 in cerebrospinal fluid is a biomarker |
| Parkinson's Disease | Potential Modifier | May interact with alpha-synuclein and LRRK2; CSF 14-3-3 is a PD biomarker |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | Potential Role | 14-3-3 proteins interact with TDP-43 and may be involved in stress granule formation |
| Spinocerebellar Ataxia | Disease Gene | Mutations in YWHAG cause SCA17 and possibly other ataxias |
YWHAG is expressed throughout the brain with high expression in:
Xiao W, et al. 14-3-3 gamma protects against neuronal death. Neurobiology of Aging. 2011. ↩︎
Watanabe M, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid 14-3-3 proteins as biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 2009. ↩︎
Berg D, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid 14-3-3 gamma is elevated in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease but not in other dementias. Neurology. 2003. ↩︎
Satoh J, et al. Molecular network of 14-3-3 gamma and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathologica. 2007. ↩︎
Liu H, et al. YWHAG/14-3-3 gamma controls neuronal morphogenesis through regulating RUNX2 transcriptional activity. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. 2022. ↩︎