Atr Gene is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.
ATM and Rad3-Related
ATR (ATM and Rad3-Related) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a critical role in the cellular response to DNA damage, particularly replication stress[1]. As a key checkpoint kinase, ATR coordinates DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis to maintain genomic integrity[2]. Defects in ATR signaling are associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
| Attribute | Value |
|---|---|
| Gene Symbol | ATR |
| Full Name | ATR Serine/Threonine Kinase |
| Chromosomal Location | 3q22.3 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 472 |
| OMIM | 601215 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000175054 |
| UniProt | Q13535 |
ATR is the master regulator of the intra-S-phase checkpoint and responds primarily to:
Key functions:
ATR is expressed ubiquitously with highest levels in:
| Approach | Status | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ATR inhibitors (VE-822, AZD6738) | Research | Radiosensitizers, cancer therapy |
| Chk1 inhibitors | Research | Combined with ATR inhibitors |
| DNA repair enhancement | Research | Boosting repair capacity |
The study of Atr Gene has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.
Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.
Shiloh Y. ATM and related protein kinases: safeguarding genome integrity. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003;3(3):155-168. PMID:12612651 ↩︎
McKinnon PJ. DNA repair and the nervous system. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2017;18(10):617-630. PMID:28855740 ↩︎
Subba Rao K, et al. Mechanisms of neuronal death in Ataxia-telangiectasia. J Neurochem. 2007;103(5):1741-1754. PMID:17877645 ↩︎