Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) uses magnetic fields to induce electric currents in cortical neurons.
TMS is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique:
- Motor evoked potentials
- Can be diagnostic and therapeutic
- Primarily affects cortical neurons
- Layer V pyramidal cells
- Direct TMS activation
- Corticospinal output
- Inhibitory circuits
- GABAergic modulation
- Short-interval effects
- Thalamocortical neurons
- Network effects
- Distributed changes
- Induced electric fields
- Neuronal depolarization
- Action potentials
- Transsynaptic activation
- Cortico-striatal
- Cortico-thalamic
- Long-term effects
- LTP/LTD-like
- rTMS protocols
- Left DLPFC
- High-frequency
- FDA-approved
- Motor cortex
- Rehabilitation
- Cortical reorganization
- Motor cortex
- M1 stimulation
- Analgesic effects
- Motor cortex
- Motor symptoms
- Mixed evidence
¶ Safety and Considerations
- Headache
- Scalp discomfort
- Transient hearing changes
- Seizures
- Metal implants
- Certain medications
- TMS mechanisms (2022)
- TMS for depression (2021)