Basal Ganglia Output Neurons is an important cell type in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.
Basal ganglia output neurons are GABAergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and globus pallidus internal segment (GPi) that provide the final inhibitory output of the basal ganglia circuit. [1]
SNr and GPi neurons are the main output nuclei of the basal ganglia. They receive input from the striatum and internal segment of the globus pallidus, and project to thalamus, brainstem, and cortex. [2]
| Taxonomy | ID | Name / Label | [3]
|----------|----|---------------| [4]
| Cell Ontology (CL) | CL:0000527 | efferent neuron | [5]
| Database | ID | Name | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cell Ontology | CL:0000527 | efferent neuron | Exact |
Output neurons regulate:
Basal ganglia output:
Output changes in PD:
The study of Basal Ganglia Output Neurons has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.
Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.
DeLong MR, et al. (1985) Parallel organization of motor cortex and basal ganglia. J Comp Neurol. 1985. ↩︎
Parent A, et al. (2001) The basal ganglia and motor control. Neural Plast. 2001. ↩︎
Obeso JA, et al. (2008) Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. I. The cortico-striato-pallido-thalamo-cortical loop. Mov Disord. 2008. ↩︎
Redgrave P, et al. (2010) The basal ganglia: motor control and dysfunction. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2010. ↩︎
Gerfen CR, et al. (2013) D1 and D2 dopamine receptor-dependent gene networks in the striatum. J Neurosci. 2013. ↩︎