Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is the most common autoimmune encephalitis, caused by antibodies against the GluN1 subunit of the NMDA receptor.
This condition:
- Most common autoimmune encephalitis
- Often ovarian teratoma-associated
- Good prognosis with treatment
- Affects neuronal surface antigens
- High NMDA receptor density
- CA1/CA3 vulnerability
- Memory deficits correlate
- Layer V pyramidal neurons
- Psychiatric symptoms
- Executive dysfunction
- Less affected
- Ataxia sometimes present
- Variable involvement
- Movement disorders
- Dystonia
- Involuntary movements
¶ Antibody Effects
- Internalization of receptors
- Synaptic dysfunction
- Reversible with treatment
- Impaired LTP
- Synaptic plasticity disruption
- Dendritic spine changes
- Anxiety
- Psychosis
- Mood changes
- Agitation
- Seizures
- Movement disorders
- Autonomic dysfunction
- Hypoventilation
- Gradual improvement
- Often complete recovery
- May take months
- Corticosteroids
- IVIG
- Plasma exchange
- Rituximab
- Cyclophosphamide
- Mycophenolate
- Ovarian teratoma
- Other tumors
- Essential for recovery
- Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (2022)
- Autoimmune encephalitis mechanisms (2021)